Class Vec4

A 4-dimensional vector. Vec4 is commonly used to represent homogeneous coordinates or shader uniforms requiring four components.

Operations follow one convention throughout the math classes: a method that modifies the vector it is called on returns it, so calls can be chained and nothing is allocated, while queries such as length and dot return a number. Two-operand forms such as add2 and mul2 write the result of lhs op rhs into this, and it is safe for this to also be one of the operands. Use clone for an independent copy and copy to overwrite one vector with another.

The static constants ZERO, HALF and ONE are frozen shared instances: read them freely, but writing to one throws.

Example

// Interpolate between two 4-component values into a third, without allocating
const from = new Vec4(0, 0, 0, 0);
const to = new Vec4(1, 1, 1, 1);
const result = new Vec4();
result.lerp(from, to, 0.25);   // result is now [0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25]

Index

Constructors

constructor

Properties

w x y z HALF ONE ZERO

Constructors

constructor

new Vec4(x?: number, y?: number, z?: number, w?: number): Vec4
Creates a new Vec4 instance.
Parameters
- Optionalx: number
  The x value. Defaults to 0.
- Optionaly: number
  The y value. Defaults to 0.
- Optionalz: number
  The z value. Defaults to 0.
- Optionalw: number
  The w value. Defaults to 0.
Returns Vec4
Example
```
const v1 = new Vec4(); // defaults to 0, 0, 0, 0
const v2 = new Vec4(1, 2, 3, 4);
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:57
new Vec4(arr: number[]): Vec4
Creates a new Vec4 instance.
Parameters
- arr: number[]
  The array to set the vector values from.
Returns Vec4
Example
```
const v = new Vec4([1, 2, 3, 4]);
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:57

Properties

w

w: number

The fourth component of the vector.

x

x: number

The first component of the vector.

y

y: number

The second component of the vector.

z

z: number

The third component of the vector.

`Static` `Readonly`HALF

HALF: Vec4 = ...

A constant vector set to [0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5].

`Static` `Readonly`ONE

ONE: Vec4 = ...

A constant vector set to [1, 1, 1, 1].

`Static` `Readonly`ZERO

ZERO: Vec4 = ...

A constant vector set to [0, 0, 0, 0].

Methods

add

add(rhs: Vec4): Vec4
Adds a 4-dimensional vector to another in place.
Parameters
- rhs: Vec4
  The vector to add to the specified vector.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const a = new Vec4(10, 10, 10, 10);
const b = new Vec4(20, 20, 20, 20);

a.add(b);

// Outputs [30, 30, 30, 30]
console.log("The result of the addition is: " + a.toString());
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:109

add2

add2(lhs: Vec4, rhs: Vec4): Vec4
Adds two 4-dimensional vectors together and returns the result.
Parameters
- lhs: Vec4
  The first vector operand for the addition.
- rhs: Vec4
  The second vector operand for the addition.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const a = new Vec4(10, 10, 10, 10);
const b = new Vec4(20, 20, 20, 20);
const r = new Vec4();

r.add2(a, b);
// Outputs [30, 30, 30, 30]

console.log("The result of the addition is: " + r.toString());
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:134

addScalar

addScalar(scalar: number): Vec4
Adds a number to each element of a vector.
Parameters
- scalar: number
  The number to add.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const vec = new Vec4(3, 4, 5, 6);

vec.addScalar(2);

// Outputs [5, 6, 7, 8]
console.log("The result of the addition is: " + vec.toString());
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:156

addScaled

addScaled(rhs: Vec4, scalar: number): Vec4
Adds a 4-dimensional vector scaled by scalar value. Does not modify the vector being added.
Parameters
- rhs: Vec4
  The vector to add to the specified vector.
- scalar: number
  The number to multiply the added vector with.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const vec = new Vec4(1, 2, 3, 4);

vec.addScaled(Vec4.ONE, 2);

// Outputs [3, 4, 5, 6]
console.log("The result of the addition is: " + vec.toString());
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:179

ceil

ceil(src?: Vec4): Vec4
Each element is rounded up to the next largest integer.
Parameters
- Optionalsrc: Vec4 = ...
  The vector to ceil. If not set, the operation is done in place.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const v = new Vec4(1.2, 3.1, 5.9, 7.4);
v.ceil();
// v is now [2, 4, 6, 8]
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:535

clone

clone(): Vec4
Returns an identical copy of the specified 4-dimensional vector.

Returns Vec4
A 4-dimensional vector containing the result of the cloning.
Example
```
const v = new Vec4(10, 20, 30, 40);
const vclone = v.clone();
console.log("The result of the cloning is: " + vclone.toString());
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:197

copy

copy(rhs: Vec4): Vec4
Copies the contents of a source 4-dimensional vector to a destination 4-dimensional vector.
Parameters
- rhs: Vec4
  A vector to copy to the specified vector.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const src = new Vec4(10, 20, 30, 40);
const dst = new Vec4();

dst.copy(src);

console.log("The two vectors are " + (dst.equals(src) ? "equal" : "different"));
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:216

div

div(rhs: Vec4): Vec4
Divides a 4-dimensional vector by another in place.
Parameters
- rhs: Vec4
  The vector to divide the specified vector by.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const a = new Vec4(4, 9, 16, 25);
const b = new Vec4(2, 3, 4, 5);

a.div(b);

// Outputs [2, 3, 4, 5]
console.log("The result of the division is: " + a.toString());
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:239

div2

div2(lhs: Vec4, rhs: Vec4): Vec4
Divides one 4-dimensional vector by another and writes the result to the specified vector.
Parameters
- lhs: Vec4
  The dividend vector (the vector being divided).
- rhs: Vec4
  The divisor vector (the vector dividing the dividend).
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const a = new Vec4(4, 9, 16, 25);
const b = new Vec4(2, 3, 4, 5);
const r = new Vec4();

r.div2(a, b);

// Outputs [2, 3, 4, 5]
console.log("The result of the division is: " + r.toString());
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:264

divScalar

divScalar(scalar: number): Vec4
Divides each element of a vector by a number.
Parameters
- scalar: number
  The number to divide by.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const vec = new Vec4(3, 6, 9, 12);

vec.divScalar(3);

// Outputs [1, 2, 3, 4]
console.log("The result of the division is: " + vec.toString());
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:286

dot

dot(rhs: Vec4): number
Returns the result of a dot product operation performed on the two specified 4-dimensional vectors.
Parameters
- rhs: Vec4
  The second 4-dimensional vector operand of the dot product.
Returns number
The result of the dot product operation.
Example
```
const v1 = new Vec4(5, 10, 20, 40);
const v2 = new Vec4(10, 20, 40, 80);
const v1dotv2 = v1.dot(v2);
console.log("The result of the dot product is: " + v1dotv2);
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:307

equals

equals(rhs: Vec4): boolean
Reports whether two vectors are equal.
Parameters
- rhs: Vec4
  The vector to compare to the specified vector.
Returns boolean
True if the vectors are equal and false otherwise.
Example
```
const a = new Vec4(1, 2, 3, 4);
const b = new Vec4(5, 6, 7, 8);
console.log("The two vectors are " + (a.equals(b) ? "equal" : "different"));
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:321

equalsApprox

equalsApprox(rhs: Vec4, epsilon?: number): boolean
Reports whether two vectors are equal using an absolute error tolerance.
Parameters
- rhs: Vec4
  The vector to be compared against.
- Optionalepsilon: number = 1e-6
  The maximum difference between each component of the two vectors. Defaults to 1e-6.
Returns boolean
True if the vectors are equal and false otherwise.
Example
```
const a = new Vec4();
const b = new Vec4();
console.log("The two vectors are approximately " + (a.equalsApprox(b, 1e-9) ? "equal" : "different"));
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:337

floor

floor(src?: Vec4): Vec4
Each element is set to the largest integer less than or equal to its value.
Parameters
- Optionalsrc: Vec4 = ...
  The vector to floor. If not set, the operation is done in place.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const v = new Vec4(1.2, 3.9, 5.5, 7.8);
v.floor();
// v is now [1, 3, 5, 7]
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:517

fromArray

fromArray(
arr: number[] | ArrayBufferView<ArrayBufferLike>,
offset?: number,
): Vec4
Set the values of the vector from an array.
Parameters
- arr: number[] | ArrayBufferView<ArrayBufferLike>
  The array to set the vector values from.
- Optionaloffset: number = 0
  The zero-based index at which to start copying elements from the array. Default is 0.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const v = new Vec4();
v.fromArray([20, 10, 5, 0]);
// v is set to [20, 10, 5, 0]
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:705

length

length(): number
Returns the magnitude of the specified 4-dimensional vector.

Returns number
The magnitude of the specified 4-dimensional vector.
Example
```
const vec = new Vec4(3, 4, 0, 0);
const len = vec.length();
// Outputs 5
console.log("The length of the vector is: " + len);
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:354

lengthSq

lengthSq(): number
Returns the magnitude squared of the specified 4-dimensional vector.

Returns number
The magnitude squared of the specified 4-dimensional vector.
Example
```
const vec = new Vec4(3, 4, 0, 0);
const len = vec.lengthSq();
// Outputs 25
console.log("The length squared of the vector is: " + len);
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:368

lerp

lerp(lhs: Vec4, rhs: Vec4, alpha: number): Vec4
Returns the result of a linear interpolation between two specified 4-dimensional vectors.
Parameters
- lhs: Vec4
  The 4-dimensional vector to interpolate from.
- rhs: Vec4
  The 4-dimensional vector to interpolate to.
- alpha: number
  The value controlling the point of interpolation. Between 0 and 1, the linear interpolant will occur on a straight line between lhs and rhs. Outside of this range, the linear interpolant will occur on a ray extrapolated from this line.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const a = new Vec4(0, 0, 0, 0);
const b = new Vec4(10, 10, 10, 10);
const r = new Vec4();

r.lerp(a, b, 0);   // r is equal to a
r.lerp(a, b, 0.5); // r is 5, 5, 5, 5
r.lerp(a, b, 1);   // r is equal to b
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:390

max

max(rhs: Vec4): Vec4
Each element is assigned a value from rhs parameter if it is larger.
Parameters
- rhs: Vec4
  The 4-dimensional vector used as the source of elements to compare to.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const a = new Vec4(5, 1, 7, 3);
const b = new Vec4(2, 8, 3, 9);
a.max(b);
// a is now [5, 8, 7, 9]
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:591

min

min(rhs: Vec4): Vec4
Each element is assigned a value from rhs parameter if it is smaller.
Parameters
- rhs: Vec4
  The 4-dimensional vector used as the source of elements to compare to.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const a = new Vec4(5, 1, 7, 3);
const b = new Vec4(2, 8, 3, 9);
a.min(b);
// a is now [2, 1, 3, 3]
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:572

mul

mul(rhs: Vec4): Vec4
Multiplies a 4-dimensional vector to another in place.
Parameters
- rhs: Vec4
  The 4-dimensional vector used as the second multiplicand of the operation.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const a = new Vec4(2, 3, 4, 5);
const b = new Vec4(4, 5, 6, 7);

a.mul(b);

// Outputs 8, 15, 24, 35
console.log("The result of the multiplication is: " + a.toString());
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:413

mul2

mul2(lhs: Vec4, rhs: Vec4): Vec4
Returns the result of multiplying the specified 4-dimensional vectors together.
Parameters
- lhs: Vec4
  The 4-dimensional vector used as the first multiplicand of the operation.
- rhs: Vec4
  The 4-dimensional vector used as the second multiplicand of the operation.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const a = new Vec4(2, 3, 4, 5);
const b = new Vec4(4, 5, 6, 7);
const r = new Vec4();

r.mul2(a, b);

// Outputs 8, 15, 24, 35
console.log("The result of the multiplication is: " + r.toString());
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:438

mulScalar

mulScalar(scalar: number): Vec4
Multiplies each element of a vector by a number.
Parameters
- scalar: number
  The number to multiply by.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const vec = new Vec4(3, 6, 9, 12);

vec.mulScalar(3);

// Outputs [9, 18, 27, 36]
console.log("The result of the multiplication is: " + vec.toString());
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:460

normalize

normalize(src?: Vec4): Vec4
Returns this 4-dimensional vector converted to a unit vector in place. If the vector has a length of zero, the vector's elements will be set to zero.
Parameters
- Optionalsrc: Vec4 = ...
  The vector to normalize. If not set, the operation is done in place.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const v = new Vec4(25, 0, 0, 0);

v.normalize();

// Outputs 1, 0, 0, 0
console.log("The result of the vector normalization is: " + v.toString());
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:494

round

round(src?: Vec4): Vec4
Each element is rounded up or down to the nearest integer.
Parameters
- Optionalsrc: Vec4 = ...
  The vector to round. If not set, the operation is done in place.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const v = new Vec4(1.4, 3.6, 5.5, 7.2);
v.round();
// v is now [1, 4, 6, 7]
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:553

set

set(x: number, y: number, z: number, w: number): Vec4
Sets the specified 4-dimensional vector to the supplied numerical values.
Parameters
- x: number
  The value to set on the first component of the vector.
- y: number
  The value to set on the second component of the vector.
- z: number
  The value to set on the third component of the vector.
- w: number
  The value to set on the fourth component of the vector.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const v = new Vec4();
v.set(5, 10, 20, 40);

// Outputs 5, 10, 20, 40
console.log("The result of the vector set is: " + v.toString());
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:614

sub

sub(rhs: Vec4): Vec4
Subtracts a 4-dimensional vector from another in place.
Parameters
- rhs: Vec4
  The vector to subtract from the specified vector.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const a = new Vec4(10, 10, 10, 10);
const b = new Vec4(20, 20, 20, 20);

a.sub(b);

// Outputs [-10, -10, -10, -10]
console.log("The result of the subtraction is: " + a.toString());
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:637

sub2

sub2(lhs: Vec4, rhs: Vec4): Vec4
Subtracts two 4-dimensional vectors from one another and returns the result.
Parameters
- lhs: Vec4
  The first vector operand for the subtraction.
- rhs: Vec4
  The second vector operand for the subtraction.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const a = new Vec4(10, 10, 10, 10);
const b = new Vec4(20, 20, 20, 20);
const r = new Vec4();

r.sub2(a, b);

// Outputs [-10, -10, -10, -10]
console.log("The result of the subtraction is: " + r.toString());
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:662

subScalar

subScalar(scalar: number): Vec4
Subtracts a number from each element of a vector.
Parameters
- scalar: number
  The number to subtract.
Returns Vec4
Self for chaining.
Example
```
const vec = new Vec4(3, 4, 5, 6);

vec.subScalar(2);

// Outputs [1, 2, 3, 4]
console.log("The result of the subtraction is: " + vec.toString());
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:684

toArray

toArray(arr?: number[], offset?: number): number[]
Parameters
- Optionalarr: number[]
  The array to populate with the vector's number components. If not specified, a new array is created.
- Optionaloffset: number
  The zero-based index at which to start copying elements to the array. Default is 0.
Returns number[]
The vector as an array.
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:728
toArray(arr: ArrayBufferView, offset?: number): ArrayBufferView
Parameters
- arr: ArrayBufferView
  The array to populate with the vector's number components. If not specified, a new array is created.
- Optionaloffset: number
  The zero-based index at which to start copying elements to the array. Default is 0.
Returns ArrayBufferView
The vector as an array.
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:736

toString

toString(): string
Converts the vector to string form.

Returns string
The vector in string form.
Example
```
const v = new Vec4(20, 10, 5, 0);
// Outputs [20, 10, 5, 0]
console.log(v.toString());
```
- Defined in core/math/vec4.js:723

Class Vec4

Example

Index

Constructors

Properties

Methods

Constructors

constructor

Parameters

Returns Vec4

Example

Parameters

Returns Vec4

Example

Properties

w

x

y

z

Static ReadonlyHALF

Static ReadonlyONE

Static ReadonlyZERO

Methods

add

Parameters

Returns Vec4

Example

add2

Parameters

Returns Vec4

Example

addScalar

Parameters

Returns Vec4

Example

addScaled

Parameters

Returns Vec4

Example

ceil

Parameters

Returns Vec4

Example

clone

Returns Vec4

Example

copy

Parameters

Returns Vec4

Example

div

Parameters

Returns Vec4

Example

div2

Parameters

Returns Vec4

Example

divScalar

Parameters

Returns Vec4

Example

dot

Parameters

Returns number

Example

equals

Parameters

Returns boolean

Example

equalsApprox

Parameters

Returns boolean

Example

floor

Parameters

Returns Vec4

Example

fromArray

Parameters

`Static` `Readonly`HALF

`Static` `Readonly`ONE

`Static` `Readonly`ZERO